Friday, 5 October 2012

The Marginalisation of the IT Function

In case you hadn’t noticed, for some time now there has been something of a quiet insurgency afoot in relation to Information Technology (IT) functions in the context of the businesses they serve, and particularly in SMEs. Put simply, the traditional foundations of IT – primarily around the uniqueness or specialism of the role – are being eroded. The boundaries that have been in place to ‘protect’ the fiefdom of IT are being breached. To survive, to adapt, to add value, it is time to ‘re-envision’ what IT is actually all about, what it is for, and what its role is.

There is clear and undeniable evidence to support this premise – especially if you compare how things were perhaps 15 years or more ago, in an age when many of the IT frameworks and structures we still employ today were drawn up. A list of what’s different now is telling:

IT as commodity. It was always going to happen at some point, but now IT is more commoditised and available than it ever has been.

There are more Users of IT – and these Users are more sophisticated. Everyone is now an expert. Everyone has a PC or laptop at home – often more powerful than the one they use at work. People blog, build websites, edit photographs. Children are now more articulate on a computer than they will ever be on paper.

There is a greater range of solutions available, faster, and more flexible than before. What do you want? What kind of application do you need? The chances are that you can get it – fast – on some kind of pay-as-you-go deal. You can be up-and-running more quickly than ever.

The Cloud. And it’s not just in the area of business applications. In the virtual world we have created, you can get hosting, storage, disaster recovery – and take them for granted, not worry about them. The kinds of business models being pursued by technology providers today means you can get virtually everything you need with minimal IT expertise – in theory you only need to know about your business.

The growth of comprehensive Systems’ Integrators. The big technology companies are becoming broad SIs; all things to all men. Traditional hardware firms now offer consultancy and applications; consulting firms now offer hosting; network providers offer hardware. Everyone does everything, and these are the domains where unique IT specialisms are concentrating.

The Intellectual Property of IT is now diluted. Because of all of these factors, IT professionals (working within Business organisations vs. technology service providers or the SIs, above) now own less IP in relation to their function than ever before. They are losing the primacy of their expertise, their unique selling point. It’s a transition we saw way back when step changes in programming languages happened – but now it’s in all disciplines, and is happening more quickly.

IT becoming more integrated into business functions. And perhaps one of the most obvious symptoms of the entire transition is the migration of functions (such as Business Intelligence) and skills (for example in the area of Financial Management systems’ configuration) out of the domain of IT and into ‘business teams’.

Is any of that wrong in some way? Undoubtedly not – and even if it were, there’s little we can do about it! Should the majority of these shifts to using new models of IT service provision bring benefits to our businesses? Yes, they should – though undoubtedly they bring some fresh risks too.

But above all, it demands that business-domiciled IT functions align themselves against this new world. And to be as effective and flexible as our customers need us to be, this alignment may need to be radical considering where we are starting from.

The traditional in-house IT function is becoming rapidly out-dated. But let’s go even further. Is it actually needed anymore?! If you can outsource the entire gamut of IT services, from hosting through to DR, from networks to applications, do you really need an IT team at all? To some extent it depends on appetite, but some ownership of IT will surely need to remain – and that ownership must have enough specialist knowledge to get the best from your technology suppliers. And we need to avoid the ‘baby and the bathwater’ scenario i.e. we throw away the really valuable stuff – perhaps elements of competitive advantage – just to pursue some kind of minimalist ideal.

But how do we get there? How do we re-envision and re-engineer our in-house IT capability? How do we re-establish our credibility and contribution in a hostile environment? We have some ideas. We think we might need to adopt Agile development processes. We know we should be more innovative. Some elements of our service are too expensive, or too weak and of poor quality. We think we could outsource some of that operational “stuff”, but have never taken the leap. And we know, for certain, that we need to be seen by our business colleagues as a partner, and not the Necessary Evil.

The answer is to redesign the IT Business Model.

There are some fundamental questions worth asking. In your business environment, what is IT ‘for’? What value does it bring? Where does it contribute? Where is it an enabler – and where a blocker? How important is technology; leading edge or not? What about mobile? Is ‘good enough’, good enough, or do you have to be world class?... And a large proportion of these questions will not be answered by IT folk, but by people in the business, our customers.

Beneath these philosophical questions, there is a wealth of detail to be uncovered and discovered. Luckily, frameworks – and consultants! – abound to help you. Frameworks that talk about the journey from Strategy to Operation, Direction to Execution; about how you build things, support them, retire them; about suppliers and outsourcing… Breaking what IT does down into its component parts – like a Lego house to its bricks – you will arrive at, who knows, maybe 30 to70 elements. There will be a focus on Customers, Administration (how you ‘run’ IT – and it should be like a business!), Information Management, Services, Support, business solutions and so on.

1 – So, settle on a framework and, if you need it, someone to help you through it. All of the big SIs and Consultancies will have an offering in this space.

2 – Spend some time planning the activity and prepping the people who are going to contribute – some of the Leads in your IT function, but more importantly the key players in your business.

3 – Work through the framework, starting at the business engagement end. For each ‘brick’, most likely you will need to recognise a) where you are (and you could be nowhere in that you just don’t do ‘X’ right now!), b) where you need to be, and c) the challenges and prerequisites of getting from one to the other.

4 – Once you have assessed all the components in the framework, you will have a series individually coherent but potentially disjointed models. The final activity will be to take these and align them, and ensure they are complimentary. This will give you a new overall operating model at which to aim.

5 – Then comes the planning process i.e. identifying what you need to do and when you need to do it in order to make your new model a reality. And validate again the benefit of doing so. The plan and benefits case is what you need to sell.

But let’s be realistic here; this process is complex and can take a long time to do well. If you are looking at reviewing a traditional in-house IT function that covers all the bases, then expect steps 1-5 to take three to six months. Implementation – if it involves new outsourcing contracts, root and branch surgery of your organisation – could take two years to put in place and be effective. For many, this timescale – and the cost of the endeavour – will be too great, or at least off-putting. If you have a pressing need to go faster in some areas, then I would suggest you still execute steps 1 and 2 for the totality, but then have an iteration of the remainder by ‘area’ e.g. Operations, Business Engagement, IT Administration, Service Support etc. This will give you the advantage of seeing some results earlier, but overall will probably take longer and may cost more. It may also prove to be a more flexible approach. But whichever approach you choose, you have to start with the big business-related questions up-front; these will give you your boundaries within which to work. If you start by looking at the support processes in isolation, you may optimise what you currently do – but this will make little difference if what you are doing is profoundly inappropriate.

It’s a journey that will take funding, time and commitment, but at the end of it you will find yourself with a different pile of Lego bricks than before – and therefore a different house. And hopefully one much more in tune with what your business actually needs. If you fail to undertake the journey, then you may find that two things happen: the first is that someone in the business might ‘do it to you’, and the second is that there is a continuous and subtle leak of IT responsibility and expertise away from your function which will lead to less effective, disjointed and uncontrolled solutions provision to the business – and that will be a bigger problem to solve!

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About the author / copyright

Ian Gouge is widely experienced in business-driven Information Technology, culminating in significant achievements majoring on organisational and process change, and with a proven track record in turning around / re-engineering IT functions. He possesses in-depth experience of change, transformation, IT delivery, customer and supplier engagement, and broad International exposure. Also the author of management books on the topics of IT strategy and project management, the impact on IT of e-business, and the IT organisation.

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